Clinical Chemistry Reviewer

Clinical Chemistry 2, Quiz Laboratory, Spectrophotometer, Potassium and Chloride

2012-01-31T21:41:00.000-08:00

PLEASE READ TABLE OF SPECS FOR CC2 MIDTERM EXAMS HERE:

Clinical Chemistry 2
Long -Quiz Laboratory
Spectrophotometer, Potassium & Chloride

Name:____________________________________________ Rating__________________
Date:_____________________________________________ Section:_________________

1.____heparin, EDTA, or use serum_______________The best AC for potassium determination. (specify)
2.____serum _________________________________The best sample for chloride determination.(Specify)
3.____cation_________________________________Indicate whether potassium is an anion or cation.
4.____anion_________________________________ Indicate whether chloride is n anion or cation.
5.____intracellular____________________________Indicate whether potassium is intracellular or extracellular.
6.____extracellular___________________________ Indicate whether chloride is intracellular or extracellular.
7.____3.6 to 5.4_mEq/L________________________Normal value for potassium in blood sample
8.____98 to 110 mEq/L ________________________Normal value for chloride in blood sample .
9.____sodium tetraphenyl boron or potassium base reagent__Give a reagent for potassium.
10.____3 ml or 1 ml (1,000 uL)___________________How many mL will you be using for your answer to #9?
11.___Don’t use hemolyzed specimens_____________Give three precautions for potassium.
12.___Separate clot or cellular elements immediately____
13.___Avoid strenuous exercises prior to testing___
14.Give two precautions for chloride determination_____prevent using turbid, icteric or lipemic sample___
15.__avoid contamination from chloride containing substances like sweat, and water_

16.-18. What is the principle of potassium determination .

____Potassium present in the serum reacts with sodium tetraphenylboron forming a colloidal suspension in which the turbidity formed is directly proportional to the concentration of potassium in the sample or specimen._____

17.– 22. What is the principle of chloride determination.

__The chloride present in the serum reacts with mercuric nitrate or mercuric thiocyanate to form mercuric chloride, which is measured spectrophotometrically. The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the concentration of chloride present in the sample or specimen___

23- 28 . What is Beer Lambert’s Law?

The law states that the concentration of an unknown solution is directly proportional to its absorbance and inversely proportional.to its transmittance.

29 – 40. Name the 6 most common electrolytes and give a brief description of each.

Potassium – major intracellular cation
Phosphorus – intracellular anion
Calcium – extracellular cation, important for the clotting prcess
Sodium – major extracellular cation – has active role in water balance
Chloride – extracellular anion – passive role in water balance
Magnesium - intracellular cation

41-45. Give 3 conditions seen in hyperkalemia.

dehydration
shock with tissue hypoxia
diabetic ketoacidosis
massive intravascular or extracorporeal hemolysis
severe burns
violent muscular activity (status epilepticus)
renal failure due to shock

46 – 48. Give 3 conditions found in hyperchloremia.

Dehydration
Renal tubular acidosis
Acute renal and metabolic acidosis
Prolonged diarrhea

49. – 50- What are the glasses used to calibrate the wavelengths of the spectrophotometer.

Holmium glass
Didymium glass

50 – 60. Name the operating features of your Diasys FC Stardust and give the use of each.

Aspirator- aspirates sample
Cell wells- contains cuvettes
Well incubators- for incubation at 37 degrees C
Read-out device- displays readings and processing of equipment
Keypads- to key in selected steps/process, wl selection, units , etc.
Printer – where the final printed results are processed

Answers to Bilirubin Quiz, Review Questions

2012-01-31T20:41:00.000-08:00

INDICATE WHETHER

INCREASE B1, INCREASE TB = A
INCREASE B2, INCREASE TB = B
INCREASE B1 & B2, INCREASE TB = C
NONE OF THE ABOVE = D

SHADE THE BOX THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE.

1. hepatitis - C
2. EBF - A
3. Obstruction of the biliary tract - B
4. Hepatic encephalopathy - C
5. Crigler Najjar syndrome -C
6. Reye’s syndrome - C
7. Rotor’ syndrome - C
8. Hemolytic anemia -A
9. HDN - A
10. Post obstructive jaundice - B

Bilirubin Review Questions, Exam Questions

2012-01-31T00:15:00.000-08:00

INDICATE WHETHER INCREASE B1, INCREASE TB = A
INCREASE B2, INCREASE TB = B
INCREASE B1 & B2, INCREASE TB = C
NONE OF THE ABOVE = D

SHADE THE BOX THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE.

1. hepatitis
2. EBF
3. Obstruction of the biliary tract
4. Hepatic encephalopathy
5. Crigler Najjar syndrome
6. Reye’s syndrome
7. Rotor’ syndrome
8. Hemolytic anemia
9. HDN
10. Post obstructive jaundice

ANSWERS ARE FOUND HERE.

Clinical Chemistry 2 Long -Quiz Laboratory Spectrophotometer, Potassium and Chloride

2012-01-29T22:19:00.000-08:00

Clinical Chemistry 2

Long -Quiz Laboratory

Spectrophotometer, Potassium & Chloride

Name:____________________________________________ Rating__________________

Date:_____________________________________________ Section:_________________

1. __________________________________________ The best AC for potassium determination. (specify)

2. __________________________________________The best sample for chloride determination.(Specify)

3. __________________________________________Indicate whether potassium is n anion or cation.

4. __________________________________________ Indicate whether chloride is n anion or cation.

5. __________________________________________Indicate whether potassium is intracellular or extracellular.

6. __________________________________________ Indicate whether chloride is intracellular or extracellular.

7. __________________________________________Normal value for potassium in blood sample

8. __________________________________________Normal value for chloride in blood sample .

9. __________________________________________Give a reagent for potassium.

10. __________________________________________How many mL will you be using for your answer to #9?

11. ______________________________________________________________________________Give three precautions for potassium.

12. ______________________________________________________________________________

13. ______________________________________________________________________________

14. Give two precautions for chloride determination___________________________________________________________________

15. ______________________________________________________________________________

16. -18. What is the principle of potassium determination .

17. – 22. What is the principle of chloride determination.

23- 28 . What is Beer Lambert’s Law?

29 – 40. Name the 6 most common electrolytes and give a brief description of each.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

41-45. Give 3 conditions seen in hyperkalemia.

46 – 48. Give 3 conditions found in hyperchloremia.

49. – 50- What are the glasses used to calibrate the wavelengths of the spectrophotometer.

___________________________________________________________

50 – 60. Name the operating features of your Diasys FC Stardust and give the use of each.

ANSWERS CAN BE FOUND HERE.

Answers to Enzyme Quiz Review Questions

2012-01-27T05:35:00.000-08:00

1. LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LD)___ Ubiquitous enzyme.
2. CK2MB, AST, LD1,___ List the three cardiac isoenzymes.
3. AMYLASE__ Enzyme primarily tested in acute pancreatitis.
4. 40 DEGREES C__The maximum temperature for enzyme activity to occur normally.
5. 7.4___ The optimum pH for enzyme determinations.
6. .ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP)_List the four(4) post obstructive enzymes.
7. . 5' NUCLEOTIDASE_(5' NT)_
8. . LEUCINE AMINO PEPTIDASE_(LAP)
9. .GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE_(GGT)
10. – 12 Give three principles of enzyme data Interpretation.

A. ENZYMES ARE FOUND WITHIN CELLS, SO ANY ELEVATION IN THEIR BLOOD CONCENTRATION WOULD INDICATE CELLULAR DAMAGE OR NECROSIS.
B. NORMAL RESULTS ARE SIGNIFICANT ( DO A SERIES OF TESTS.)
C. INTEGRATE ALL DATA BEFORE DIAGNOSIS, (PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS, OTHER DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS, HISTORY, ETC)

12 - 14. Give the three general methods of determining enzyme activity

A. MEASUREMENT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY
B. MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCT FORMED
C. MEASUREMENT OF DISAPPEARANCE OF SUBSTRATE

15. .GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT)_ The alcoholic marker enzyme.

16-20. Explain the electrophoretic mobility of CK.

IT IS THE MOVEMENT OF THE CK ISOENZYMES BASED ON THEIR CHARGES, SIZE, AFFINITY TO MEDIA AND THE NET CHARGE OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC FIELD. CKBB OR CK1 IS THE FASTEST FOLLOWED BY CK2 OR CKMB AND THEN CK 3 OR CKMM.

Quiz, Exam Review Questions, Enzymes

2012-01-25T22:36:00.001-08:00

1.____________________________________________ Ubiquitous enzyme.

2.____________________________________________ List the three cardiac isoenzymes.

3.____________________________________________ Enzyme primarily tested in acute pancreatitis.

4.____________________________________________The maximum temperature for enzyme activity to occur normally.

5.____________________________________________ The optimum pH for enzyme determinations.

6. .____________________________________________List the four(4) post obstructive enzymes.

7. .____________________________________________

8. .____________________________________________

9. .____________________________________________

10. – 12 Give three principles of enzyme data Interpretation.

12 - 14. Give the three methods of determining enzyme activity

15. .____________________________________________ The alcoholic marker enzyme.

16-20. Explain the electrophoretic mobility of CK.

READ THE ANSWERS HERE.

Clinical Chemistry Reviewer: Bilirubin Exam Questions

2012-01-20T21:03:00.000-08:00

INDICATE WHETHER INCREASE B1, INCREASE TB = A

INCREASE B2, INCREASE TB = B

INCREASE B1 & B2, INCREASE TB = C

NONE OF THE ABOVE = D

WRITE THE CAPITAL LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE.

1.Obstruction of the biliary tract

2. Hepatic encephalopathy

3. EBF

4. Liver cirrhosis

5. Gilbert's Syndrome

6. HDN

7. Viral hepatitis

8. Infectious hepatitis

9. Stones in biliary duct

10. Hemolytic anemia

ANSWERS WILL BE POSTED NEXT WEEK.

Answers to Transcription

2012-01-16T15:37:00.000-08:00

TRANSCRIPTION: ( 1 PT. EACH)

1. FBS -Fasting Blood Sugar

2. NPO - Non Per Orem (Nothing by Mouth)

3. nm - nanometers

4. wl -wavelength

5. mg/dL -milligrams per deciliter

6. mmol/L - millimoles per liter

7. B1 - Bilirubin 1

8. OGTT- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

9. mL - milliliters

10. stat - statim ( immediately)

Clinical Chemsitry Exam Review Questions

2011-11-08T05:56:00.000-08:00

I. TRANSCRIPTION: ( 1 PT. EACH)

1. FBS

2. NPO

3. nm

4. wl

5. mg/dL

6. mmol/L

7. B1

8. OGTT

9. mL

10. stat

FOR ANSWERS CLICK HERE.

Answers to Clinical Chemistry 1 Review Questions

2011-11-01T23:20:00.000-07:00

I. IDENTIFICATION: ( 1 PT. EACH)

1. The supernatant fluid when clotted blood has been centrifuged. SERUM

2. The supernatant fluid when anti-coagulated blood has been centrifuged. PLASMA

3. The reference colorimetric method for cholesterol. SCHOENHEIMER AND SPERRY

4. A process wherein a needle is introduced into a vein to obtain blood. VENIPUNCTURE/PHLEBOTOMY

5. The simplest form of carbohydrate. MONOSACCHARIDE

6. How many minutes do you centrifuge the blood for serum preparation? 5-10 MINUTES

7. It is the precision and accuracy of a method. RELIABILITY

8. The reference method for glucose. HEXOKINASE

9. The normal pH of serum. 7.35 TO 7.45 WITH AN AVERAGE OF 7.4

10. The most common sample for clinical chemistry. UNHEMOLYZED, NON-ICTERIC, NON-LIPEMIC, CLEAR SERUM

Clinical Chemistry 1 Review Questions

2011-10-29T21:48:00.000-07:00

I. IDENTIFICATION: ( 1 PT. EACH)

1. The supernatant fluid when clotted blood has been centrifuged.

2. The supernatant fluid when anti-coagulated blood has been centrifuged.

3. The reference method for cholesterol.

4. A process wherein a needle is introduced into a vein to obtain blood.

5. The simplest form of carbohydrate.

6. How many minutes do you centrifuge the blood for serum preparation?

7. It is the precision and accuracy of a method.

8. The reference method for glucose.

9. The normal pH of serum.

10. The most common sample for clinical chemistry.

ANSWERS ARE FOUND IN THIS POST.

Clinical Chemistry Review Questions

2011-09-18T08:41:00.000-07:00

I. IDENTIFICATION: ( PT EACH)

1. Colorimetry- The method of determining your unknown concentration using the absorptivity coefficient of the substance.

2. Monochromator - The part of the basic components of the spectrophotometer that isolates the wavelength of interest.

3. Cu=Au/As X Cs - The formula for the ratio of unknown to standard.

4. Lambert's Law - The specific law that involves the depth of the solution in relation to the concentration of the solution.

5. Cuvette/cuvet - The container that holds the sample to be read in the spectrophotometer.

6. Its color - The specific property of the substance that the spectrophotometer measures.

7. Standard curve - The graph that is used to determine the unknown concentration.

8. Ultraviolet (uv)=below 350 nm, Visible light = 350 to 800 nm, infrared light - above 800 nm - The types and specific wavelength ranges of the types of light.

_______________________________

II. Matching type: Match column B with column A.

Column A Column B

1. Cell well incubator _b__ a. displays readings

2. Aspirator ____i__ b. utilizes 37 degrees temperature

3. Printer ___d___ c. contains the tube to be read

4. Display window __d,h____ d. gives a print out data of the readings

5. Keypads ___f___ e. where the sample is introduced

6. Cell well ___c___ f. where you manipulate the settings

g. where you test the samples.

h. displays the temperature

i. not in the list

III. ESSAY.

Discuss briefly but comprehensively. ( 5 pts. Each)

1. Beer Lambert’s Law

2. Basic components of the spectrophotometer.

3. Universal precaution.

4. Precautions in using the spectrophotometer.

ANSWERS to Exam Review in Bilirubin Testing

2011-06-03T06:00:00.000-07:00

INDICATE WHETHER

INCREASE B1, INCREASE TB = A

INCREASE B2, INCREASE TB = B

INCREASE B1 & B2, INCREASE TB = C

NONE OF THE ABOVE = D

SHADE CORRESPONDING BOXES TO THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE.

1. Obstruction of the biliary tract - ANSWER - B

2. Hepatic encephalopathy - ANSWER - C

3. EBF ANSWER - ANSWER A

4. Liver cirrhosis - ANSWER C

5. Gilbert's Sydrome - ANSWER C

6. HDN - ANSWER A

7. Viral hepatitis - ANSWER C

8. Infectious hepatitis - ANSWER C

9. Stones in biliary duct - ANSWER B

10. Hemolytic anemia - ANSWER A

Exam Review Questions for Bilirubin

2011-04-21T17:31:00.000-07:00

INDICATE WHETHER

INCREASE B1, INCREASE TB = A

INCREASE B2, INCREASE TB = B

INCREASE B1 & B2, INCREASE TB = C

NONE OF THE ABOVE = D

SHADE CORRESPONDING BOXES TO THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE.

1. Obstruction of the biliary tract

2. Hepatic encephalopathy

3. EBF

4. Liver cirrhosis

5. Gilbert's Sydrome

6. HDN

7. Viral hepatitis

8. Infectious hepatitis

9. Stones in biliary duct

10. Hemolytic anemia

ANSWERS WILL BE POSTED NEXT WEEK.

ANSWERS TO NORMALITY, MOLARITY AND PERCENT SOLUTION QUESTIONS

2011-03-22T20:56:00.000-07:00

2. What is the Molarity of a 0.5 N H2SO4 solution? (5 pts.)
3. What is the dilution if you add 0.75 ml of serum to 3.0 ml of diluent? ( 5 pts.)
4. How would you prepare 1:20 serum dilution? (5 pts.)
5. How would you prepare a 0.5 % NaCl solution? (5 pts.)
6. You are asked to prepare 200 ml of the following standard concentrations from a 20 mg/dL standard stock solution: Tabulate volume of solute and solvent and also dilution. ( 5 pts. each)

A. 2 mg/dL C. 8 mg/dL
B. 4 mg/dL D. 10 mg/dL
E. 15 mg/dL

ANSWER TO QUESTION NO. 2

What is the Molarity of a 0.5 N H2SO4 solution?

Since the Normality is known = 0.5 N

All you have to do is to make use of the shorter formula which is

M = Normality divided by the valence or N/v (factor)

M = 0.5 / 2

M = 0.25 M of H2SO4 (ANSWER)

ANSWER TO QUESTION NO. 3

What is the dilution if you add 0.75 ml of serum to 3.0 ml of diluent?

Consider the volume of serum as 1 part.

The dilution is the number of parts of the solute in proportion to the diluents plus 1.

So if 1 part = 0.75 mL

Then 3 ml is = 4 parts ( 3 ml divided by 0.75 ml)

So 1 part serum = 0.75 ml

+ 4 parts diluents = 3.0 ml

Will give you 5 parts ( 1 part serum + 4 parts diluent = 5 parts)

Dilution then is

1:5 (ANSWER)

QUESTION NO. 4

How would you prepare 1:20 serum dilution?

You can assume several volumes in this question. You can assume 1 ml as the volume of the solute as it is the easiest.

1. So 1 ml of serum + 19 ml of diluent = 1:20 serum dilution.

2. You can also assume a smaller volume for serum, especially if you were not able to extract more blood. Let’s say you have 0.5 ml of serum and you have to prepare 1:20 dilution. All you have to do is to assume that 0.5 ml is one part.

3. If 0.5 ml is one part, and you need 19 parts of the diluents to prepare a 1;20 dilution; all you have to do is to multiply 19 parts with 0.5 ml to get the volume of the 19 parts.

4. Your answer would then be 9.5 ml. ( 19 X 0.5 = 9.5)

5. So 0.5 ml of serum + 9.5 ml of diluent = 1:20 serum dilution (ANSWER)

QUESTION NO. 5

How would you prepare a 0.5 % NaCl solution?

The formula for % (W/V) is

% = W divided by the total volume multiplied by 100.

Therefore:

0.5% = W/V X 100

Assume that the total volume is 100 ml if no volume is given, so by transposing we come up with this formula:

W = 0.5% X 100 (total volume) / 100 %

W = 0.5 grams per 100 ml of diluent (ANSWER)

Note:

Convert volumes to ml and weights to grams to facilitate computation.

For QUESTION NUMBER 6, the ANSWERS WILL BE GIVEN NEXT POST.

Bilirubin Review Exam Questions

2011-03-22T20:23:00.000-07:00

INDICATE WHETHER:

INCREASE B1, INCREASE TB = A

INCREASE B2, INCREASE TB = B

INCREASE B1 & B2, INCREASE TB = C

NONE OF THE ABOVE = D

1. 1. Obstruction of the biliary tract

Hepatic encephalopathy
EBF
Infectious Hepatitis
HDN
Liver carcinoma
Gilbert’s syndrome
Reye’s disease
Hepatitis B infection
Kernicterus

Where:

TB- TOTAL BILIRUBIN

B1 – Bilirubin 1

B2 – Bilirubin 2

ANSWERS FOUND IN THIS POST.

Answers to Normality, Molarity Problem Solving Review Questions in Clinical Chemistry

2011-03-18T08:27:00.000-07:00

PROBLEM SOLVING :

1. WRITE DOWN FORMULA.
2. SHOW COMPUTATIONS.
3. ENCLOSE ANSWERS IN BOXES.

ATOMIC WEIGHTS:

Na = 23 H = 1 S = 32
Cl= 35.5 O = 16

1. If you weigh 5 g NaCl solution and dissolve it in 1000 ml of diluent. ( 5 pts. each)

A. What is the Molarity?

M= Gram molecular weight per liter of solution, hence: M= 5 /58.5/1 liter

M = 0.085 M

B. What is the Normality?

Since Normality (N) = M x valence(factor)

M = 0.085 x 1 (valence)

M = 0.085 N

N.B. WHEN THE VALENCE OR FACTOR IS ONE THE NORMALITY IS EQUIVALENT TO THE MOLARITY.

C. What is the percent solution?

% = Weight/total volume x 100

% = (5/1,000 mL) X 100

% = 0.5%

ANSWERS TO THE REMAINING QUESTIONS WILL BE GIVEN NEXT POST.

2. What is the Molarity of a 0.5 N H2SO4 solution? (5 pts.)
3. What is the dilution if you add 0.75 ml of serum to 3.0 ml of diluent? ( 5 pts.)
4. How would you prepare 1:20 serum dilution? (5 pts.)
5. How would you prepare a 0.5 % NaCl solution? (5 pts.)
6. You are asked to prepare 200 ml of the following standard concentrations from a 20 mg/dL standard stock solution: Tabulate volume of solute and solvent and also dilution. ( 5 pts. each)

A. 2 mg/dL C. 8 mg/dL
B. 4 mg/dL D. 10 mg/dL
E. 15 mg/dL

Answers to Clinical Chemistry Review Questions - Blood Gas Analysis

2011-03-17T06:43:00.000-07:00

Clinical Chemistry Review Questions vary in difficulty and complexity. Here are some basic questions which can help you review common principles in Clinical Chemistry.

Select the BEST ANSWER.

1. The most common sample specimen in clinical chemistry is:

a. Plasma c. whole blood

b. Serum d. buffy coat

2. In enzyme analysis, the following should be monitored closely, EXCEPT:

a. Temperature c. pH

b. Concentration of substrate d. non-competitive inhibitor

3. Electrolytes are called amphoteric substances because of this reason:

a. They can either be negatively or positively charged

b. They can be water or non-water soluble

c. They can transform from one energy form to another

d. They are directly transported in the blood stream.

4. The following statements are true of electrophoresis, EXCEPT:

a. It is a method to separate proteins from one another

b. The media can be paper, agar gel or cellulose

c. The principle depends upon their ability to fluoresce

d. Electrophoretic mobility is based on the charges of the ions.

5. In the maintenance of normal blood pH, these two organs are involved:

a. Lungs and heart c. lungs and kidneys

b. Kidneys and heart d. kidneys and liver

Choices for numbers 6 to 10

a. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

b. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

c. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

d. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

e. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

f. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

g. Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

h. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

i. Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis

j. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis

k. Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis

l. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

m. None of the above

6. Given pH – 7.49, pCO2= 40 mmHg, HCO3 = 32 mmol/L, What do these values indicate?- partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

7. Given pH – 6.8, dCO2= 10 mmol/L, TCO2= 22 mmol/L, What do these values indicate?- partially compensated respiratory acidosis

8. Given pH- 7.43, HCO3= 29 mmol/L, pCO2 – 50 mmHg. What do these values indicate?- Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis

9. Given pH- 7.15, HCO3= 25 mmol/L, pCO2 – 60 mmHg. What do these values indicate? - Uncompensated respiratory acidosis.

U10. Given pH- 7.50, HCO3= 40 mmol/L, pCO2 – 40 mmHg. What do these values indicate?

- Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Clinical Chemistry Review Questions

2011-03-13T00:47:00.000-08:00

Clinical Chemistry Review Questions vary in difficulty and complexity. Here are some basic questions which can help you review common principles in Clinical Chemistry.

Select the BEST ANSWER.

1. The most common sample specimen in clinical chemistry is:

a. Plasma c. whole blood

b. Serum d. buffy coat

2. In enzyme analysis, the following should be monitored closely, EXCEPT:

a. Temperature c. pH

b. Concentration of substrate d. non-competitive inhibitor

3. Electrolytes are called amphoteric substances because of this reason:

a. They can either be negatively or positively charged

b. They can be water or non-water soluble

c. They can transform from one energy form to another

d. They are directly transported in the blood stream.

4. The following statements are true of electrophoresis, EXCEPT:

a. It is a method to separate proteins from one another

b. The media can be paper, agar gel or cellulose

c. The principle depends upon their ability to fluoresce

d. Electrophoretic mobility is based on the charges of the ions.

5. In the maintenance of normal blood pH, these two organs are involved:

a. Lungs and heart c. lungs and kidneys

b. Kidneys and heart d. kidneys and liver

Choices for numbers 6 to 10

a. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

b. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

c. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

d. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

e. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

f. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

g. Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

h. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

i. Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis

j. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis

k. Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis

l. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

m. None of the above

6. Given pH – 7.49, pCO2= 40 mmHg, HCO3 = 32 mmol/L, What do these values indicate?

7. Given pH – 6.8, dCO2= 10 mmol/L, TCO2= 22 mmol/L, What do these values indicate?

8. Given pH- 7.43, HCO3= 29 mmol/L, pCO2 – 50 mmHg. What do these values indicate?

9. Given pH- 7.15, HCO3= 25 mmol/L, pCO2 – 60 mmHg. What do these values indicate?

10. Given pH- 7.50, HCO3= 40 mmol/L, pCO2 – 40 mmHg. What do these values indicate?

Transcribe the following Terms in Clinical Chemistry

2011-03-11T05:11:00.000-08:00

Transcribe the following:

H-H equation -
G6PD -
5'NT -
OCT-
PNP-
CHS-
CK-
LPL-
FFA-
CHD-

ANSWERS to Lipids Quiz- Exam Review Questions

2011-03-08T21:34:00.000-08:00

ANSWERS to Lipids Quiz- Exam Review Questions

Identify the following items:

1.__Phospholipids__ It is the lipid component of the lungs that prevents the lungs from collapsing.

2.__High Density Lipoprotein or HDL__ It is also called the good cholesterol.

3.__Low Density Lipoprotein or LDL___ It is also called the bad cholesterol.

4.__High Density Lipoprotein__ It is considered as the lipoprotein with the highest density.

5.__chylomicrons__ The lipid that stays at the point of origin in electrophoresis.

6.___chylomicrons___ It causes lipemia of serum.

7.___triglycerides___ The food sources of this lipid is meat fat.

8.___triglycerides___ The conversion factor of this lipid, from traditional to S.I. units is 0.01129.

9.___fatty acids____ It is the simplest form of lipid.

10.__cholesterol__It is the basic nucleus of most steroid hormones

Clinical Chemistry Case Study

2011-03-08T21:30:00.000-08:00

An elderly male patient was brought to the emergency room complaining of nausea, vomiting and body malaise. He was afebrile and had a blood pressure of 150/100.

The laboratory results were as follows:

Total cholesterol – 1.87 mmol/L

Triglycerides – 1.3 mmol/L

Glucose = 3.8 mmol/L

Hemoglobin = 150 mg/dL

Hematocrit 52 vol%

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the initial impression based on lab results?

2. What further laboratory testing or diagnostic procedure do you recommend?

3. Defend your answers.

Lipids Quiz- Exam Review Questions

2011-03-08T03:20:00.000-08:00

Lipids Quiz- Exam Review Questions

Identify the following items:

1._______________________________ It is the lipid component of the lungs that prevents the lungs from collapsing.

2._______________________________ It is also called the good cholesterol.

3._______________________________ It is also called the bad cholesterol.

4._______________________________ It is considered as the lipoprotein with the highest density.

5._______________________________ The lipid that stays at the point of origin in electrophoresis.

6._______________________________ It causes lipemia of serum.

7._______________________________ The food sources of this lipid is meat fat.

8._______________________________ The conversion factor of this lipid, from traditional to S.I. units is 0.01129.

9._______________________________ It is the simplest form of lipid.

10.______________________________It is the basic nucleus of most steroid hormones

Answers-Venipuncture Exam Review Questions

2011-03-06T04:07:00.000-08:00

ANSWERS ARE SHADED BLUE.

1.The ideal anticoagulant because of its natural presence in the blood:

a. citrate c. oxalate

b. heparin d. fluoride

2. The anticoagulant of choice for glucose because it serves as preservative :

Select from the above choices - d. fluoride

3.The most common site of venipuncture:

a. wrist veins c. ankle veins

b. antecubital fossa d. cubital veins

4.The following are methods of blood collection, except:

a. lumbar tap c. arterial tap

b. capillary puncture d. venipuncture

5.The following are sites of arterial puncture, except:

a. radial c. brachial

b. antecubital fossa d. femoral

6.The ideal gauge of needle for venipuncture is:

a. 22- 25 c. 21-23

b. 20-22 d. 18-20

7. When assembling the equipment for venipuncture, this must be the primary consideration:

a. sterilized and dry apparatuses

b. type of tourniquet

c. brand of syringe

d. completely labeled test tubes

8These are true in needle and syringe preparation, except:

a. they must be sterile and dry

b. they must not be clogged

c. the syringe must be disposable

d. the needle must be fixed firmly into the hub of the syringe

9.The tourniquet is applied in this manner:

a. too tight to make veins prominent

b. not too tight nor too loose

c. loose to avoid hematoma

d. it does not matter how you apply it

10.The following may be employed to make veins prominent, except:

a. opening and closing the fist

b. palpating the vein

c. raising the arm

d. immersing the arm in warm water

Venipuncture Review Questions - Multiple Choice

2011-03-05T01:07:00.001-08:00

1.The ideal anticoagulant because of its natural presence in the blood:

a. citrate c. oxalate

b. heparin d. fluoride

2. The anticoagulant of choice for glucose because it serves as preservative :

Select from the above choices

3.The most common site of venipuncture:

a. wrist veins c. ankle veins

b. antecubital fossa d. cubital veins

4.The following are methods of blood collection, except:

a. lumbar tap c. arterial tap

b. capillary puncture d. venipuncture

5.The following are sites of arterial puncture, except:

a. radial c. brachial

b. antecubital fossa d. femoral

6.The ideal gauge of needle for venipuncture is:

a. 22- 25 c. 21-23

b. 20-22 d. 18-20

7. When assembling the equipment for venipuncture, this must be the primary consideration:

a. sterilized and dry apparatuses

b. type of tourniquet

c. brand of syringe

d. completely labeled test tubes

8These are true in needle and syringe preparation, except:

a. they must be sterile and dry

b. they must not be clogged

c. the syringe must be disposable

d. the needle must be fixed firmly into the hub of the syringe

9.The tourniquet is applied in this manner:

a. too tight to make veins prominent

b. not too tight nor too loose

c. loose to avoid hematoma

d. it does not matter how you apply it

10.The following may be employed to make veins prominent, except:

a. opening and closing the fist

b. palpating the vein

c. raising the arm

d. immersing the arm in warm water

Review Questions on Electrolytes

2011-02-28T14:50:00.000-08:00

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE( 1 pt. Each)

CHOICES FOR NOS. 1 TO 20

A. Chloride

B. Calcium

C. Inorganic phosphorus

D. All of the above

E. A & B

F. A & C

G. B & C

H. A & C

I. None of the above

1. Uses visible spectrum in the Electromagnetic Radiation

2.Uses ultraviolet spectrum in the Electromagnetic Radiation

3.Utilizes Beer-Lambert’s Law

4. Pumping of fist is not allowed during extraction

5.Reagent has sodium azide component.

6. Incubation at 37 degrees centigrade for 5 minutes is employed.

7. Expression of concentration is in mmol/L

8. Best specimen is serum.

9. Best specimen is plasma

1 10.Cannot use EDTA treated blood.

1 11. Cannot use oxalated blood

1 12. Incubation is at room temperature for 10 minutes.

1 13. Cation

1 14. Anion

1 15. Concentration is usually measured through precipitation

1 16. Concentration of standard is 5 mg/dL

1 17. Regulates volume and osmosis

1 18. Most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid

1 19. Lithium and heparin are suitable anticoagulants

20. Slight hemolysis is acceptable.

WATCH OUT FOR ANSWERS IN THE NEXT POST.