1. Standard angle of entry of needle in venipuncture. 2. Time allowed for application of the tourniquet. 3. Standard gauge of needle used in venipuncture. 4. Rimming is done _____ only to prevent hemolysis. 5. Time to allow the blood to extract serum. 6. The rpm of the centrifuge used for serum and plasma preparation. 7. Time to stand the blood for plasma preparation. 8. Check the patient's site of puncture after how many minutes? 9. Sodium fluoride is ideal for what test? 10.How many minutes should you centrifuge the blood for serum and plasma preparation?
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION, SERUM AND PLASMA PREPARATION
1. Differentiate serum and plasma and whole blood.
Serum is the supernatant fluid when coagulated blood has been centrifuged, while plasma is the supernatant fluid after anticoagulated blood has been centrifuged. On the other hand, whole blood is composed of both the fluid portion and the cellular elements in blood. Anticoagulant is added to avoid clotting.
2. Differentiate serum from plasma.
Refer to answer no. 1
Additional:
Serum is clearer than plasma because it has less proteins. Serum has NO fibrinogen because it has been converted to fibrin, while plasma has fibrinogen (a protein), aside from albumin and globulin.
3. Name some causes of hemolysis.
There are various causes of hemolysis, Any process that applies extreme agitation or stirring will cause hemolysis. This includes the following:
Repeated rimming Forceful agitation, shaking or stirring of blood Squirting the blood into the syringe Wet materials (water causes hemolysis) Forcing the blood out of the syringe
4. What is the most preferred specimen?
Serum, because it has less interfering substances.
5. Enumerate the different anticoagulants and their respective anticoagulant to whole blood ratio.
ACD - 0.25 ml per 1 ml blood 4 % Sodium Citrate - 1:16 ratio (blood banking) Unless specified, ratio of anticoagulant to blood is one part anticoagulant to 4 parts of blood.
1. What are the precautions observed in venipuncture?
Identify your patient properly. Avoid hemolysis at all costs because this will cause inaccurate results. Do not apply the tourniquet longer than necessary.(more than 2 minutes) Sterilize well in a circular manner to avoid contamination. Follow the direction of the vein. Anchor the needle properly to the syringe or adapter before puncturing. The bevel of your needle should be facing up. Do not re-use needles to avoid contamination. Use only sterilized and dry syringes and needles. Throw all sharps in the sharps container. Discard your trash properly. Label your specimen tubes RIGHT AFTER blood collection. Know the test to be performed before commencing collection.
(READ MORE FROM BISHOP)
2. Discuss some complications encountered in venipuncture. How could you minimize these problems?
Syncope Edema Hematoma HIV Hepatitis Thrombophlebitis Thrombosis Transfixation
(FOR MINIMIZING PLEASE REFER TO LECTURE NOTES)
3. What are the three methods of blood collection? Give a brief description of each.
Arterial Capillary Venipuncture
(REFER TO LECTURE NOTES FOR DESCRIPTIONS)
4. Enumerate the different anticoagulants and the disadvantages and advantages of each.
(REFER TO LECTURE NOTES)
5. What are the disadvantages and advantages of the vacutainer method of blood collection?
You perform multiple collections. You can collect larger amounts of blood. You can store the blood. It is easier to perform.
6. Name the different colors employed in the vacutainer method and their corresponding anticoagulant and specific uses.
Red- no anticoagulant Blue - citrate Green -heparin Lavender - EDTA Black- oxalates Gray - fluoride
7. What are the sequence in which tubes are drawn in CC?
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM/QUALITY CONTROL CHART
1. Name the sources of quality control sera.
Pooled sera from left over normal sera Abbatoir Commercially prepare control sera
2. What are the Westgard Rules? Explain briefly.
Random errors are indicated by violations of the 1(2S), 1(3S), and R(4S)
1(2S) - one control value exceeds plus, negative 2 SDs. 1(3S) - one control value exceeds plus, negative 3 SDs. R (4S) - the difference between the highest and the lowerst control values exceeds 4 SDs.
Systematic errors are indicated by violations of 2(2S), X10, 4(1S)
2(2S) - two control values exceeds plus, negative 2 SDs X10 - 10 consecutive control values are found on one side of the mean, without crossing the mean. 4(1S) - 4 consecutive control values exceeds plus, negative 4 1SD.
3. How do you construct a Levy-Jennings Chart?
A. Solve for the mean B. Solve for the SD, C. Solve for the 1,2,3 SDs D. Construct your QCC. E. Plot your control values. F. Interpret the chart making use of the Westgard Rules.
4. Differentiate a Gaussian from a non-Gaussian distribution curve.
The Gaussian curve is a bell-shaped curve while the non-Gaussian curve is a linear curve.
5. Differentiate a Gaussian Curve from a Levy-Jennings plot.
The Levy Jennings plot is an example of a linear curve.
Except for the outside links, printing and copying of the articles contained herein should cite this site as the source. For commercial purposes, the permission of the author should be sought first.
You can leave a comment in any of the posts. Thank you.
