Clinical Chemistry 3 Endocrinology-Toxicology Exams
1.
The process called when
the unbound portion of medication moved from higher drug concentration(blood
stream) to lower drug concentration( tissues) until the balance reach between two areas is
called _____________________________________________
2.
When the patent on a specific pharmacologic
agent expires, other companies are free to manufacture the drug and market it
under their own name called ________________________
3.
The
time required for the concentration of the drug to decrease by 50% is
called___________________
4.
Prolong use of one or
more drugs may stimulate the formation of more of particular enzyme systems by the liver is a
process known as _____________________________
5.
The action of
(chemical drug) _______________________
are to blocked the amino acid incorporation into the growing protein chain
thereby lowering the amount of protein manufactured and causing the bacteria to
misread the genetic code, resulting in the production of “incorrect proteins”.
6.
The action of ( drug) ________________________ is to
lowered the heart’s ability to conduct an electric current and its contraction
decreases resulting to cardiac rhythm stabilizes.
7.
___________________________(class
of drug) act by blocking the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the
presynaptic nerve endings.
8.
The active ingredients
of aspirin is _____________________________
9.
The response of any
patient to drug treatment is highly _______________ and variable one depending
on age, physical condition, genetic makeup, patients differ in response to the same medication
10.
_________________________
are substances in the blood that cross
react with antibody to digoxin due to expansion of the blood volume ,increase
in blood pressure, acromegaly, renal impairment ,liver disease, pregnancy which disappear from circulation 24
h after delivery
11. The net effect of the high protein
binding and the uptake of tissues is a low level of
_____________________________ in the circulation
12. ________________________________ is a salt
which is quickly absorbed into the circulation after oral admin that is used
for the treatment of the of manic-depressive (bipolar illness).
13. __________________________is an assay
technique that has the ability to measure amount of parent drug and metabolites
simultaneously, allowing quantitation of all significant contributors to the
therapeutic effect.
14. ________________________________ of urine is
often utilized for emergency treatment of salicylate toxicity.
15. _________________________ is a significant metabolite of the drug
theophylline in newborns and small children, monitoring for the presence and amount
of this metabolite can be useful.
16. As with all TDM, sampling time must be consistent and the most
preferred specimen is the ___________________________________, collected at the
end of the dosing interval.
17. One of the most
prominent gene families that affect drug metabolism is the _____________________ family. It is an enzyme within the mixed
function oxidase system . It encodes a
family of liver enzymes that metabolizes many drugs.
18. The biochemical pathway
responsible for a large portion of drug metabolism is the _________________________system.
The basic function of this system involves taking hydrophobic substances and,
through a series of enzymatic reactions, converting them into
19.
__________________________substances
facilitating easier absorption into the tissues and elimination by the kidneys
20.
______________________________________ involves the analysis,
assessment, and evaluation of circulating concentrations of drugs in serum,
plasma, or whole blood. The purpose of these actions is to ensure that a given
drug dosage produces maximal therapeutic benefit and minimal toxic adverse
effects.
