Review Questions, Liver Function Test

IDENTIFICATION:  ( 1 pt. Each)

1. The major bile pigment.
2. The enzyme responsible for the conversion of B1 to B2.
3.  In automation, this is the method of removing interfering substances from serum .
4. This automated aspect corresponds to sample delivery in the manual method.
5. The normal pH of  blood.
6. The normal bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio in the body.
7.  The major intracellular cation.
8.  The major extracellular cation.
9.  It is described as the constant concentration at half of the maximum velocity of  enzyme activity.
10. It is the S.I. units of  enzyme activity.

ANSWERS CAN BE FOUND HERE

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 3 CASE ANALYSIS ENDOCRINOLOGY TOXICOLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS

IV. CASE ANALYSIS: (10 pts.)

A 32 YR. OLD FEMALE PATIENT COMPLAINED OF DIZZINESS, DYSPNEA AND NAUSEA. SHE HAD RED RASHES ALL OVER HER BODY, AND HER BREATH WAS FRUITY.

THE LAB RESULTS WERE:

:

•      FT3 - 30 ng/dL

•      FT4 - 2 ng/dL

•      TSH - normal

•      WCC – 5,100/ mm3

•      RCC – 5, 113, 100/ mm3

•      Total cholesterol – 1.87 mmol/L

•      Triglycerides – 1.3 mmol/L

•      Glucose = 3.8 mmol/L

•      Hemoglobin = 150 mg/dL

•      Hematocrit 52 vol%

QUESTIONS FOR CASE ANALYSIS: (10 pts.)

1. WHAT FURTHER TESTS WOULD YOU RECOMMEND? DEFEND YOUR ANSWER.

2. WHAT WOULD BE THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS? DEFEND YOUR ANSWER.

V. PROBLEM (5 PTS. EACH)

1. WHAT IS THE HALF OF A DRUG WITH AN ORIGINAL CONCENTRATION OF 500 mg/dL, AND IS REDUCED 50 mg/dL FOR EVERY 30 MINUTES.

2. SOLVE FOR THE HALF-LIFE OF PARACETAMOL WITH AN ORIGINAL CONCENTRATION OF 600 mg/dL, AND WHICH HAS BEEN REDUCED TO 400 mmol/L AFTER 120 MINUTES.

VI. TRANSCRIPTION: (1 pt.)

DAS

ET

TDM

D-9THC

NSAID

HL

NADH

EMIT

ELISA

ANS

FOR ANSWERS CLICK ON THIS LINK.

Answers to Bilirubin Quiz, Review Questions

INDICATE WHETHER

INCREASE B1, INCREASE TB = A
INCREASE B2, INCREASE TB = B
INCREASE B1 & B2, INCREASE TB = C
NONE OF THE ABOVE = D

SHADE THE BOX THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE.

1. hepatitis - C
2. EBF - A
3. Obstruction of the biliary tract - B
4. Hepatic encephalopathy - C
5. Crigler Najjar syndrome -C
6. Reye’s syndrome - C
7. Rotor’ syndrome - C
8. Hemolytic anemia -A
9. HDN - A
10. Post obstructive jaundice - B

Answers to Enzyme Quiz Review Questions

1. LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LD)___ Ubiquitous enzyme.
2. CK2MB, AST, LD1,___ List the three cardiac isoenzymes.
3. AMYLASE__ Enzyme primarily tested in acute pancreatitis.
4. 40 DEGREES C__The maximum temperature for enzyme activity to occur normally.
5. 7.4___ The optimum pH for enzyme determinations.
6. .ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP)_List the four(4) post obstructive enzymes.
7. . 5' NUCLEOTIDASE_(5' NT)_
8. . LEUCINE AMINO PEPTIDASE_(LAP)
9. .GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE_(GGT)
10. – 12 Give three principles of enzyme data Interpretation.

A. ENZYMES ARE FOUND WITHIN CELLS, SO ANY ELEVATION IN THEIR BLOOD CONCENTRATION WOULD INDICATE CELLULAR DAMAGE OR NECROSIS.
B. NORMAL RESULTS ARE SIGNIFICANT ( DO A SERIES OF TESTS.)
C. INTEGRATE ALL DATA BEFORE DIAGNOSIS, (PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS, OTHER DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS, HISTORY, ETC)

12 - 14. Give the three general methods of determining enzyme activity

A. MEASUREMENT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY
B. MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCT FORMED
C. MEASUREMENT OF DISAPPEARANCE OF SUBSTRATE

15. .GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT)_ The alcoholic marker enzyme.

16-20. Explain the electrophoretic mobility of CK.

IT IS THE MOVEMENT OF THE CK ISOENZYMES BASED ON THEIR CHARGES, SIZE, AFFINITY TO MEDIA AND THE NET CHARGE OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC FIELD. CKBB OR CK1 IS THE FASTEST FOLLOWED BY CK2 OR CKMB AND THEN CK 3 OR CKMM.

Clinical Chemistry Review Questions

Clinical Chemistry Review Questions vary in difficulty and complexity. Here are some basic questions which can help you review common principles in Clinical Chemistry.

Select the BEST ANSWER.

1. The most common sample specimen in clinical chemistry is:

a. Plasma c. whole blood

b. Serum d. buffy coat

2. In enzyme analysis, the following should be monitored closely, EXCEPT:

a. Temperature c. pH

b. Concentration of substrate d. non-competitive inhibitor

3. Electrolytes are called amphoteric substances because of this reason:

a. They can either be negatively or positively charged

b. They can be water or non-water soluble

c. They can transform from one energy form to another

d. They are directly transported in the blood stream.

4. The following statements are true of electrophoresis, EXCEPT:

a. It is a method to separate proteins from one another

b. The media can be paper, agar gel or cellulose

c. The principle depends upon their ability to fluoresce

d. Electrophoretic mobility is based on the charges of the ions.

5. In the maintenance of normal blood pH, these two organs are involved:

a. Lungs and heart c. lungs and kidneys

b. Kidneys and heart d. kidneys and liver

Choices for numbers 6 to 10

a. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

b. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

c. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

d. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

e. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

f. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

g. Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

h. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

i. Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis

j. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis

k. Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis

l. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

m. None of the above

6. Given pH – 7.49, pCO2= 40 mmHg, HCO3 = 32 mmol/L, What do these values indicate?

7. Given pH – 6.8, dCO2= 10 mmol/L, TCO2= 22 mmol/L, What do these values indicate?

8. Given pH- 7.43, HCO3= 29 mmol/L, pCO2 – 50 mmHg. What do these values indicate?

9. Given pH- 7.15, HCO3= 25 mmol/L, pCO2 – 60 mmHg. What do these values indicate?

10. Given pH- 7.50, HCO3= 40 mmol/L, pCO2 – 40 mmHg. What do these values indicate?

V. TRANSCRIPTION: ( 1 PT. EACH)

1. TLA______________________________________________

2. NCCLS____________________________________________

3. NIST______________________________________________

4. POC_______________________________________________

5. ABG_______________________________________________

6. BGA_______________________________________________

7. UDPGT_____________________________________________

8. TLC________________________________________________

9. H-H Equation_________________________________________

10. PCO2________________________________________________

11. pH_________________________________________________

12. dCO2_________________________________________________

13. HCO3_________________________________________________

14. TC___________________________________________________

15. H2CO3__________________________________________________